1.11》HYPHEN OR DASH RULES

Aaryan Kota:
Punctuation marks (सूचक चिन्ह )
Punctuation is a mark that makes a meaning of a sentence clear.

 👉 PUNCTUATIONS  MARKS :
     | .| A| ,| !| ?| '| "| ( )| :| ;| -| 

👉 11. HYPHEN OR DASH [ - ]

A hyphen joins two or more words or word parts together to create a new word. A dash separates two statements. They look the same, but have entirely different functions.

👉Hyphenated Compound Adjectives
Hyphenated compound adjectives are used before nouns. Sometimes hyphens are not used when following a noun. For example, "widely-known actor" uses a hyphen. An actor who is widely known does not use a hyphen. 👉There are no spaces around hyphens.
For example;

• He is a well-respected surgeon. The surgeon is well respected.
• She is a well-known teacher is this area. The teacher is well known in this area.
• She lives in an off-campus apartment. Her apartment is off campus.

👉Hyphenated Compound Nouns
Some compound nouns can be hyphenated. Hyphens are often used with the ages of people or things unless it is in plural form. Also, hyphens are used with family members that are in-laws. (mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law). There are no spaces around hyphens.
For example;

• His self-esteem dropped down after losing the contest.
• My daughter loves to ride the merry-go-round at the amusement park.
• Our two-year old is very active.
• My eight-month old is eating solid food.
• My mother-in-law is very picky.

👉Hyphens - Avoid Confusion
Some hyphenated words can reduce confusion and refrain the change in the meaning of the sentence.
For example;

• The athlete wants to re-sign with the team.
  (Here re-sign means to sign a contract again with his team.)
• The athlete wants to resign.
  (Here resign means to quit.)
• We need to re-cover our sofa. It has too many stains.
  (Here re-cover means to out a new cover on the sofa.)
• We need to recover our sofa. It was stolen during the burglary.
• (Here recover means to get back something that was stolen.)

👉Hyphens in Numbers
Hyphens can be used with numbers. They are used to combine numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine. They are also used when writing out fractions. Hyphens are also used when a number is part of a compound adjective.
For example;

• My husband will be forty-two next month.
• I need one-third cup of tea.
• The bottle is only two-fifths full.
• We took a 14-day cruise around the Adaman islands.
• Our 05-year old cat passed away last month.

👉Hyphens with Prefixes
Many times, words with prefixes use hyphens. If the prefix ends in a vowel and the base word starts with a vowel, a hyphen is put in between the prefix and the base word. However, use a hyphen if the prefix is "ex-" or "self-".
For example;

• The class monitor was re-elected.
• He has a semi-automatic car.
• She is my ex-girlfriend.
• I am self-employed.

👉Dash
A dash is used to indicate a break or a pause in the sentence. It is used to emphasize a word or set of words in the sentence. There are typically spaces around dashes.
For example;

• You may think you're the greatest - you're really not.
• Oliver - the world's greatest dog - passed away yesterday.
• Shiva - my one and only true friend - came out to support me today.

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